Enhancing IoT Based Smart Disaster Preparedness Systems in Maiduguri LGA, Borno State

Enhancing IoT Based Smart Disaster Preparedness Systems in Maiduguri LGA, Borno State

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Background of the study
Maiduguri LGA, located in the heart of Borno State, has increasingly become vulnerable to both natural and human‐induced disasters. Over the past decades, a combination of environmental challenges and regional conflicts has necessitated a re‐examination of disaster management strategies. Recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) have introduced innovative approaches to enhance disaster preparedness through real‑time data collection, sensor networks, and automated alert systems (Okoro, 2023). These technologies can monitor environmental parameters—such as seismic activity, temperature fluctuations, and air quality—thus providing early warnings that facilitate prompt response efforts. However, traditional disaster response systems in Maiduguri have largely relied on reactive measures, often leaving communities exposed during the crucial moments preceding a disaster (Bello & Musa, 2024).

The integration of IoT into disaster preparedness introduces a proactive framework where data-driven insights enable authorities to anticipate hazardous events before they escalate. For instance, IoT devices can provide continuous monitoring and predictive analytics, making it possible to identify trends that signal an imminent disaster (Abubakar, 2023). This approach not only improves the speed and accuracy of early warning systems but also enhances coordination among emergency responders, local governments, and community members. Furthermore, the deployment of these systems supports the efficient allocation of resources during an emergency, potentially saving lives and reducing property damage. The challenge, however, lies in the effective implementation and integration of IoT technology into existing infrastructures, which often lack the resilience and interoperability required for seamless operation (Ibrahim, 2024).

In Maiduguri, limited funding, inadequate technical skills, and insufficient regulatory frameworks further complicate the deployment of advanced IoT systems. These challenges are compounded by issues related to data security and system maintenance in a region that is continually evolving due to socio‑political pressures (Lawal, 2023). Thus, there is a compelling need for a comprehensive study that examines the current state of IoT implementation, identifies the barriers to its effective integration, and proposes sustainable models tailored to local conditions. The potential of IoT to transform disaster management practices in Maiduguri is immense, provided that stakeholders—ranging from government agencies to local communities—can collaborate to overcome these hurdles (Garba, 2024). This study seeks to explore the nexus between advanced IoT technologies and disaster preparedness, aiming to provide a scalable model that could be replicated in other high‑risk regions across Nigeria (Umar & Yusuf, 2023).

Statement of the problem
Despite the potential benefits of IoT‑based systems in disaster preparedness, Maiduguri LGA continues to struggle with several critical issues that hinder the effective implementation of such technology. The primary challenge is the existing infrastructure, which is often under‑developed and incapable of supporting the high‑data demands of real‑time IoT monitoring systems (Abdullahi, 2024). Frequent power outages, limited internet connectivity, and outdated communication networks contribute to data loss and system downtimes, ultimately compromising the reliability of early warning mechanisms. Additionally, the lack of interoperability between disparate IoT devices and platforms results in fragmented data that cannot be easily synthesized into actionable intelligence.

Local disaster management agencies face a significant skills gap, with many personnel lacking the technical expertise required to operate, maintain, and interpret data from IoT systems (Hassan, 2023). This shortfall leads to delays in emergency responses and a general mistrust in automated alerts. Furthermore, financial constraints limit the capacity of local governments to invest in robust IoT infrastructure and the necessary training programs. Regulatory challenges also persist; without comprehensive policies to guide data sharing and security protocols, there is an increased risk of cyberattacks and misuse of sensitive information (Yusuf & Adeyemi, 2023).

The socio‑economic implications are profound: communities remain largely unaware of the potential benefits of IoT systems, resulting in minimal public engagement and a reluctance to adopt new technologies. Consequently, there exists a critical disconnect between technological innovation and its practical application in disaster risk reduction. This study aims to systematically identify these obstacles and propose integrative solutions that can bridge the gap between IoT capabilities and the on‑ground realities of disaster preparedness in Maiduguri (Musa, 2024).

Objectives of the study

1. To evaluate the current state of IoT infrastructure for disaster preparedness in Maiduguri LGA.

2. To identify technical, infrastructural, and socio‑economic challenges impeding the implementation of IoT systems.

3. To propose a strategic framework for integrating IoT technology into local disaster management protocols.

Research questions

1. How effective is the current IoT infrastructure in supporting disaster preparedness in Maiduguri LGA?

2. What are the primary technical and socio‑economic barriers to the successful deployment of IoT‑based systems?

3. How can a strategic framework be developed to enhance IoT‑enabled disaster preparedness in the region?

Significance of the study
This study is significant as it highlights the transformative potential of IoT technologies in disaster management. By addressing current infrastructural and operational challenges in Maiduguri LGA, the research offers valuable insights for policymakers, emergency responders, and technology developers. Its findings can guide the design and implementation of resilient IoT systems that improve early warning, resource allocation, and response efficiency during disasters. Ultimately, the study contributes to building safer, more responsive communities in high‑risk regions, thereby reducing the adverse impacts of disasters (Okoro, 2023; Musa, 2024).

Scope and limitations of the study
This study is limited to examining IoT‑based smart disaster preparedness systems in Maiduguri LGA, focusing exclusively on technological, infrastructural, and socio‑economic dimensions. Broader national disaster management policies are beyond its scope.

Definitions of terms

1. IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that communicate data in real‑time.

2. Disaster Preparedness: The strategic planning and proactive measures undertaken to mitigate the impacts of disasters.

3. Smart Systems: Integrated technological solutions that leverage data analytics and automation to enhance decision‑making.

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